Various F-Sombor Leap Indices and Reduced Sombor Leap Index of Some Special Graphs and Circumcoronene Series of Benzenoid

Abstract

In chemical graph theory, many researchers have proved that connection-based versions of some degree-based topological indices have shown better results than their respective degree-based ones. The connection-based indices are also known as leap indices. Currently, there are many degree-based topological indices of which connection-based versions have neither been formulated nor explored. Hence, in this paper, various novel leap indices of existing degree-based indices are introduced and mathematical closed-form expressions of these indices are formulated for path, cycle, and some special graphs. As an application, these indices are calculated for a particular series of the Benzenoid structure to study their characteristic trend.